
{"id":3480,"date":"2013-05-01T05:15:30","date_gmt":"2013-05-01T04:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/?p=3480"},"modified":"2015-06-19T22:09:44","modified_gmt":"2015-06-19T20:09:44","slug":"actualites-9-mai-2013","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/actualites-9-mai-2013\/","title":{"rendered":"Actualit\u00e9s des industries culturelles et cr\u00e9atives #9, mai 2013"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-top-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3480?print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"Afficher le PDF\" \/><\/a><a 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href=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/?s2member_file_download=actu9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3990\" title=\"boutonprintpdf\" src=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/boutonprintpdf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"180\" height=\"42\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>Cette rubrique propose de suivre les actualit\u00e9s des industries culturelles du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des professionnels de la publicit\u00e9 et du marketing, v\u00e9ritables \u00ab intellectuels organiques \u00bb au sens d&rsquo;Antonio Gramsci. Bien que totalement int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans un syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique organis\u00e9 autour de la maximisation des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices du capital priv\u00e9, ces professionnels sont souvent divis\u00e9s quant \u00e0 la bonne strat\u00e9gie \u00e0 adopter face \u00e0 l\u2019innovation technologique constante, d\u2019o\u00f9 des d\u00e9bats \u00ab internes \u00bb int\u00e9ressants dont doit tenir compte l\u2019approche critique de cette web-revue.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Box Office\u00a0: <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">G.I. Joe 2, Iron Man 3<\/em>, les <em>blockbusters<\/em> en Chine<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,times;\">Bien que sa sortie soit retard\u00e9e pendant neuf mois, <em>G.I. Joe : Retaliation<\/em> (<em>Conspiration<\/em> en v.f.), a ramass\u00e9 \u2013 assez bon r\u00e9sultat &#8211; 132 millions $ pendant la semaine de P\u00e2ques : 51,7 millions $ aux \u00c9tats-Unis, et 80,3 millions $ dans le reste du monde avec \u00e0 la cl\u00e9 la version 3D. Le film, produit par Paramount, est sorti simultan\u00e9ment dans 53 pays, soit 75% du march\u00e9 dit international (en dehors des \u00c9tats-Unis). Les meilleures recettes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenues en Russie avec 11 millions $, pratiquement toutes provenant de la version 3D. Manifestement, c\u2019est dans le march\u00e9 \u00ab international \u00bb que le 3D r\u00e9ussit le mieux. Le premier de la s\u00e9rie,<em> G.I. Joe : The Rise of the Cobra<\/em> (2009), tourn\u00e9 uniquement en 2D, a gagn\u00e9 303 millions $, divis\u00e9s \u00e0 parts \u00e9gales entre le march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain et le march\u00e9 \u00ab international \u00bb. Paramount anticipe des recettes de l&rsquo;ordre de 410 millions $ pour le deuxi\u00e8me de la s\u00e9rie, pour un budget de production de 130 millions $. Pour la semaine de P\u00e2ques, 41% du public avait moins de 25 ans, et 68% \u00e9tait masculin. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces r\u00e9sultats, un troisi\u00e8me <em>G.I. Joe<\/em> est en pr\u00e9paration.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"youtube\" style=\"margin-left: 22%; background-color: #dcdcdc; padding: 2px;\"><object width=\"350\" height=\"300\" classid=\"clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http:\/\/download.macromedia.com\/pub\/shockwave\/cabs\/flash\/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\"><param name=\"wmode\" value=\"transparent\" \/><param name=\"src\" value=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/DhruX7DI2gA\" \/><embed width=\"350\" height=\"300\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/DhruX7DI2gA\" wmode=\"transparent\" \/><\/object><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"><a href=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-1964.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-4106\" title=\"le mandarin (1964)\" src=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-1964-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-1964-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-1964-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-1964-115x115.jpg 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>Disney a confirm\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une autre version, plus longue, d\u2019<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Iron Man 3<\/em> sera distribu\u00e9e sur le <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\">march\u00e9 chinois. D\u00e9j\u00e0 dans la version \u00ab\u00a0am\u00e9ricaine\u00a0\u00bb, p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\">our ne pas se mettre \u00e0 dos le public <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\">chinois, de petites adaptations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites. Dans le <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">comic book <\/em>Marvel original dessin\u00e9 par Stan Lee (1964), le m\u00e9chant qui cherche \u00e0 d\u00e9clencher la Troisi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale n\u2019est autre que \u00ab\u00a0le Mandarin\u00a0\u00bb, avatar non d\u00e9guis\u00e9 du \u00ab\u00a0p\u00e9ril jaune\u00a0\u00bb de jadis. Le r\u00e9alisateur Shane Black avait d\u2019abord rejet\u00e9 ce personnage, le qualifiant de \u00ab\u00a0<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">caricature raciste\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb, avant de d\u00e9cider de l\u2019incarner par le com\u00e9dien anglo-<a href=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-film-20131.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-4096\" title=\"le mandarin (film 2013)\" src=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-film-20131-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-film-20131-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-film-20131-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/le-mandarin-film-20131-115x115.jpg 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>indien Ben Kingsley (<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Gandhi<\/em>), solution de compromis (\u00ab\u00a0<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">un type qui se prend<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"><em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"> pour un Chinois\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb). Le patron du studio Marvel, Kevin Feige, g\u00ean\u00e9 aux entournures, a expliqu\u00e9 dans <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Entertainment Weekly <\/em>que le choix de Kingsley venait moins d\u2019un d\u00e9sir de \u00ab <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">capturer une origine ethnique sp\u00e9cifique que de montrer le symbolisme de plusieurs cultures et iconographies, et la mani\u00e8re dont il [<\/em>sic<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">] les pervertit \u00e0 ses propres fins\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,times;\">M\u00eame si le film a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectivement coproduit avec DMG Entertainment, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de production bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Beijing, Disney a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas demander un statut de coproduction lui permettant de contourner le syst\u00e8me de quotas qui limite le nombre de films \u00e9trangers distribu\u00e9s (34 par an). Seulement cinq films (aucun am\u00e9ricain) ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 obtenir ce statut l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re. Mais fort de ses 900 salari\u00e9s, DMG peut pr\u00e9tendre au statut de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de production chinoise, du moins pour la version chinoise du film. Un Shanghai Disneyland devrait ouvrir ses portes en 2016, et les accords de coproduction bilat\u00e9raux se multiplient afin de contourner les quotas.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"youtube\" style=\"margin-left: 22%; background-color: #dcdcdc; padding: 2px;\"><object width=\"350\" height=\"300\" classid=\"clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http:\/\/download.macromedia.com\/pub\/shockwave\/cabs\/flash\/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\"><param name=\"wmode\" value=\"transparent\" \/><param name=\"src\" value=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/SEDUJD0ZLIw\" \/><embed width=\"350\" height=\"300\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/SEDUJD0ZLIw\" wmode=\"transparent\" \/><\/object><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,times;\">Les studios doivent accepter une longue liste de r\u00e8gles de censure avant de pouvoir sortir un film en Chine. L\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, deux s\u00e9quences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 coup\u00e9es du dernier James Bond, <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Skyfall<\/em>\u00a0: une dans laquelle un garde de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 chinois se fait assassiner (incomp\u00e9tence professionnelle jug\u00e9e insultante par les censeurs) et l\u2019autre qui contient une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en passant \u00e0 la torture subie par le m\u00e9chant aux mains des autorit\u00e9s chinoises. Des s\u00e9quences ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es de <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Men in Black<a href=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/fan-bingbing.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-3484\" title=\"fan bingbing\" src=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/fan-bingbing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"180\" height=\"280\" \/><\/a> 3<\/em> (notamment quand Will Smith et Tommy Lee Jones neutralisent les convives dans un restaurant de Chinatown), <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Pirates of the Caribbean\u00a0: At World\u2019s End<\/em> et <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Mission : Impossible 3<\/em>. Dans un test du syst\u00e8me des quotas qui fait date, <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Looper <\/em>(2012, avec Bruce Willis et Joseph Gordon-Levitt), film relativement mineur (co\u00fbt 30 millions $, recettes globales 176,5 millions $), \u00e9galement \u00ab\u00a0coproduit\u00a0\u00bb avec DMG, a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement remani\u00e9 avec des sc\u00e8nes suppl\u00e9mentaires se passant \u00e0 Shanghai. Pour la version chinoise d\u2019<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Iron Man<\/em>, des s\u00e9quences \u00ab\u00a0chinoises\u00a0\u00bb (quatre minutes avec un placement de produit, une marque locale de lait, qui explique la prouesse de l&rsquo;h\u00e9ros) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9es. L\u2019actrice populaire, Fan Bingbing, qui a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0ajout\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">X-Men\u00a0: Days of Future Past<\/em> (Fox), aura un r\u00f4le r\u00e9serv\u00e9 \u00e0 la version chinoise. L\u2019acteur Wang Xueji jouera un r\u00f4le mineur dans les deux versions. Quant au premier film de Quentin Tarantino \u00e0 \u00eatre pressenti pour une distribution en Chine, <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Django<\/em> <em>Unchained<\/em>, ila \u00e9t\u00e9 brusquement retir\u00e9 des \u00e9crans le jour m\u00eame de sa sorte pr\u00e9vue (11 avril), malgr\u00e9 des retouches r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 la demande de la censure (sang d\u2019une couleur plus fonc\u00e9e\u00a0; taille des \u00e9claboussures r\u00e9duite).*<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,times;\">D\u2019apr\u00e8s les chiffres de la Motion Picture Association of America, la Chine, pass\u00e9e devant le Japon en 2012, est devenue le deuxi\u00e8me march\u00e9 mondial en termes de recettes au box-office, refl\u00e9tant l\u2019\u00e9mergence chez elle d\u2019une importante classe moyenne urbaine, qui plus est sp\u00e9cialement friande de blockbusters en 3D. Un homme d\u2019affaires issu du monde universitaire Bruno Wu (Wu Zeng) a lanc\u00e9 le projet d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0Chinawood\u00a0\u00bb dans la ville de Tianjin, pr\u00e8s de Beijing, pour un investissement de 1,27 milliard $ provenant des capitaux publics et priv\u00e9s. Le r\u00e9alisateur am\u00e9ricain James Cameron (<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Titanic, Avatar<\/em>) s\u2019est impliqu\u00e9 dans le projet pour former des techniciens chinois aux derni\u00e8res techniques du num\u00e9rique et de la 3D relief.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"su-box su-box-style-default\" id=\"\" style=\"border-color:#00998d;border-radius:3px;max-width:none\"><div class=\"su-box-title\" style=\"background-color:#00CCC0;color:#FFFFFF;border-top-left-radius:1px;border-top-right-radius:1px\">Commentaire du r\u00e9dacteur<\/div><div class=\"su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,times;\">Mettons d\u2019abord les chiffres en perspective. La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en termes de rentabilit\u00e9 (recettes de 1,5 milliard $ pour un co\u00fbt de 220 millions $) pour les blockbusters <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">action hero <\/em>reste <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">The Avengers <\/em>(2012), qui a \u00e9galement fait figurer les h\u00e9ros des <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">comic books<\/em> Marvel. Le budget initial d\u2019<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Iron Man 3<\/em> (140 millions $) a \u00e9t\u00e9 port\u00e9 \u00e0 200 millions $ dans l\u2019espoir de capitaliser sur ce succ\u00e8s (en fait les recettes mondiales du film ont atteint 1 milliard $ vers mi-mai). R\u00e9sumons pour d\u2019autres films comparables\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Film<\/th>\n<th>Date<\/th>\n<th>Co\u00fbt<br \/>\n\/millions $<\/th>\n<th>B.O. USA<br \/>\n\/millions $<\/th>\n<th>B.O. hors USA<br \/>\n\/millions $<\/th>\n<th>B.O. global<br \/>\n\/millions $<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Batman<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1989<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>35<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>257,2*<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>160,1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>411,3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Titanic<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1997<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>200<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>658,6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1500<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2158,6<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Mission : impossible<\/em><\/td>\n<td>1996<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>181<\/td>\n<td>276<\/td>\n<td>456,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Mission : impossible 2<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2000<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>215,4<\/td>\n<td>331<\/td>\n<td>546,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Mission : impossible 3<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2006<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>134<\/td>\n<td>263,8<\/td>\n<td>397,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Mission : impossible 4<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>145<\/td>\n<td>209,4<\/td>\n<td>485,3<\/td>\n<td>694,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Matrix<\/em><\/td>\n<td>1999<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>171,4<\/td>\n<td>292<\/td>\n<td>463,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Matrix 2<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2003<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>281,5<\/td>\n<td>460,5<\/td>\n<td>742,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Matrix 3<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2003<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>139,3<\/td>\n<td>288<\/td>\n<td>427,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Lord of the Rings 1<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>93<\/td>\n<td>313,3<\/td>\n<td>556<\/td>\n<td>869,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Lord of the Rings 2<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2002<\/td>\n<td>94<\/td>\n<td>339,8<\/td>\n<td>583,5<\/td>\n<td>923,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Lord of the Rings 3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2003<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>94<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>377<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>742<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1119<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>King Kong<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2005<\/td>\n<td>207<\/td>\n<td>218<\/td>\n<td>332,4<\/td>\n<td>550,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>The Hobbit<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>250-300<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>302,5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>714<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1016<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Harry Potter<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2001<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>125<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>317,5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>657,2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>974,7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Harry Potter 2<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2002<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>262<\/td>\n<td>617<\/td>\n<td>879<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Harry Potter 3<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2004<\/td>\n<td>130<\/td>\n<td>249,5<\/td>\n<td>547,1<\/td>\n<td>796,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Harry Potter 4<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2005<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>290<\/td>\n<td>606,9<\/td>\n<td>896,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Harry Potter 5<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2007<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>292<\/td>\n<td>647,9<\/td>\n<td>939,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Harry Potter 6<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2009<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>301,9<\/td>\n<td>632,4<\/td>\n<td>934,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>X-Men<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2000<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>157,3<\/td>\n<td>139<\/td>\n<td>296,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>X-Men 2<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2003<\/td>\n<td>110<\/td>\n<td>215<\/td>\n<td>192,7<\/td>\n<td>407,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>X-Men 3<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2006<\/td>\n<td>210<\/td>\n<td>234,3<\/td>\n<td>225<\/td>\n<td>459,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>X-Men 4<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2009<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>179,9<\/td>\n<td>193,2<\/td>\n<td>373<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>X-Men 5<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>146,4<\/td>\n<td>207,2<\/td>\n<td>353,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Spider-Man<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2002<\/td>\n<td>139<\/td>\n<td>403,7<\/td>\n<td>418<\/td>\n<td>821,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Spider-Man 2<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2004<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>373,5<\/td>\n<td>410,1<\/td>\n<td>783,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Spider-Man 3<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2007<\/td>\n<td>258<\/td>\n<td>336,5<\/td>\n<td>554,3<\/td>\n<td>890,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Avatar<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2009<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>280-300<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>760,5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2001<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2782<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G.I. Joe 1<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2009<\/td>\n<td>175<\/td>\n<td>150,2<\/td>\n<td>152,2<\/td>\n<td>302,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Inception<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2010<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>292,5<\/td>\n<td>532,9<\/td>\n<td>825,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Tron Legacy<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2010<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>172<\/td>\n<td>228<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Thor<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>181<\/td>\n<td>268<\/td>\n<td>449<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Captain America<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>178<\/td>\n<td>173,5<\/td>\n<td>351,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Iron Man 1<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2008<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>318,4<\/td>\n<td>266,7<\/td>\n<td>585,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Iron Man 2<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2010<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>312,4<\/td>\n<td>311,5<\/td>\n<td>623,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Batman (7) Dark Knight<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2008<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>175<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>534,8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>469,7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1004<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Batman (8) Rises<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>250<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>448,1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>632,9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1081<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Green Lantern<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>116,6<\/td>\n<td>103,2<\/td>\n<td>219,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Prometheus<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2012<\/td>\n<td>130<\/td>\n<td>126,4<\/td>\n<td>276,8<\/td>\n<td>403,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Wrath of the Titans<\/em><\/td>\n<td>2012<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>83,6<\/td>\n<td>218,3<\/td>\n<td>301,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>The Avengers<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>220<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>623,3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>888,4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1500<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Skyfall<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>200<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>304,3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>804,2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1108,5<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sources : donn\u00e9es compil\u00e9es \u00e0 partir du site <a href=\"http:\/\/www.boxofficemojo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">boxofficemojo.com<\/a> (recommand\u00e9).<\/span><\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"> <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Les chiffres officiels pour \u00ab\u00a0The Hobbit\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0Avatar\u00a0\u00bb n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 communiqu\u00e9s \u00e0 ce jour. <\/em><\/span><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\">\u00a0<\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\">\u00a0 * Ajust\u00e9 pour l&rsquo;inflation du prix des billets = 506,8 millions $. Taux d&rsquo;inflation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale aux\u00a0\u00c9tats-Unis : 1 $ (1990) = 1,82 $ (2013) ; 1 $\u00a0 (2000) = 1,36 $ (2013).<\/span><br \/>\n<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: 16px;\">Le co\u00fbt de production moyen pour ce genre de film se situe d\u00e9sormais \u2013 augmentation sensible depuis l\u00e9 d\u00e9but de la d\u00e9cennie 2000 \u2013 dans une fourchette de 150 \u00e0 200 millions $, ce qui ne garantit pas son succ\u00e8s. Celui-ci tient \u00e0 un facteur ind\u00e9finissable : non seulement faut-il atteindre une masse critique de recettes aux \u00c9tats-Unis (au moins deux fois les co\u00fbts initiaux), mais doubler ensuite ce chiffre sur le march\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0international\u00a0\u00bb, avec des variantes de partage. Bref, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une mise de 200 millions $, le but est d\u2019atteindre des recettes globales d\u2019un milliard $. (Remarquons en passant le remarquable tir group\u00e9 de la saga <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Seigneur des Anneaux <\/em>entre 2001 et 2003, doublant presque ce rapport \u00ab\u00a0magique\u00a0\u00bb de 1:5). Peu de films atteignent ce jackpot, mais m\u00eame en de\u00e7\u00e0 le blockbuster est un produit assez rentable (malgr\u00e9 un \u00ab\u00a0navet authentique\u00a0\u00bb dans le lot, <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Green Lantern<\/em> (2011)) ; en plus des recettes provenant des entr\u00e9es en salle, il y a les march\u00e9s de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, de DVD, et de produits d\u00e9riv\u00e9s. Contre cela, il faut compter les frais de promotion, qui peuvent monter jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 des frais initiaux. Le probl\u00e8me pour les producteurs peut se r\u00e9sumer ainsi\u00a0: comment faire un produit qui pla\u00eet d\u2019abord (massivement) \u00e0 un public am\u00e9ricain, mais encore plus \u00e0 un public non am\u00e9ricain, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que le premier public n\u2019est plus de taille suffisante pour en assurer (vraiment) la rentabilit\u00e9\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\">La conqu\u00eate du march\u00e9 <span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">international<\/span> est pass\u00e9e par une \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9psychologisation\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">avatarisation<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb des personnages, allant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la neutralisation des origines, de m\u00eame \u00e0 franchir plus facilement les fronti\u00e8res s\u00e9parant des cultures diff\u00e9rentes. C\u2019est la th\u00e8se que j\u2019ai avanc\u00e9e dans mon livre sur les s\u00e9ries t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9es dont un article-r\u00e9sum\u00e9 se trouve <a href=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/leconomie-politique-des-series-americaines\/\" target=\"_blank\">ici sur le site<\/a>. Une des caract\u00e9ristiques du cin\u00e9ma commercial depuis les ann\u00e9es 1960 (en commen\u00e7ant par la s\u00e9rie des James Bond qui continue \u00e0 ce jour contre toute attente) est l\u2019importance des moyens consacr\u00e9s aux genres (aventures, science-fiction, fantastique) d\u00e9riv\u00e9s des feuilletons de cin\u00e9ma et des <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">comics <\/em>des ann\u00e9es 1930 et 1940 (<em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Flash Gordon<\/em>, <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Superman<\/em>, <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Batman<\/em>). La saga de <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">La Guerre des Etoiles<\/em> continue cette tradition dans laquelle une forme culturelle m\u00e9pris\u00e9e devient un support id\u00e9al pour les technologies num\u00e9riques qui, plus que les sc\u00e9narios, propulsent ce genre de film, et qui le font vieillir assez rapidement (ce qui pose probl\u00e8me pour la critique : voir l&rsquo;article de C\u00e9dric Donnat ce mois-ci). L\u2019actualisation des <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">action heroes <\/em>issus des <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">comics <\/em>Marvel des ann\u00e9es 1960 s\u2019inscrit dans cette strat\u00e9gie depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, avec des budgets de plus en plus importants pour un retour plut\u00f4t d\u00e9clinant. Un parall\u00e8le se trouve dans la musique rock qui a conquis le monde en adaptant aux nouvelles techniques d\u2019enregistrement (bandes multi-pistes) une forme populaire d\u00e9riv\u00e9e d&rsquo;une autre forme am\u00e9ricaine \u00ab\u00a0pauvre\u00a0\u00bb, le blues\u00a0; c\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9puisement formel et esth\u00e9tique de ce filon qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019un des facteurs dans le d\u00e9clin de l\u2019industrie du disque. Le cin\u00e9ma des <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">blockbusters<\/em> inspir\u00e9 par les h\u00e9ros des <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">comics<\/em> risque le m\u00eame ass\u00e8chement. Au-del\u00e0 de ses probl\u00e8mes anecdotiques avec la censure, la production de ce type de film doit d\u00e9sormais tenir en compte les go\u00fbts du public chinois. 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5.4pt;\nmso-para-margin-top:0cm;\nmso-para-margin-right:0cm;\nmso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\nmso-para-margin-left:0cm;\ntext-align:justify;\nmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\nfont-size:11.0pt;\nfont-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\nmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\nmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\nmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\nmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\nmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\nmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}\n<\/style>\n\n< ![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml>\n<o:shapedefaults v:ext=\"edit\" spidmax=\"1026\"\/>\n<\/xml>< ![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml>\n<o:shapelayout v:ext=\"edit\">\n<o:idmap v:ext=\"edit\" data=\"1\"\/>\n<\/o:shapelayout><\/xml>< ![endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\">Finalement, il faut noter que l&rsquo;expansion \u00ab horizontale\u00a0 \u00bb du<em> blockbuster<\/em> (dans les march\u00e9s internationaux) se fait au prix d&rsquo;une p\u00e9n\u00e9tration \u00ab verticale \u00bb relativement \u00e9troite : le c\u0153ur de cible est le jeune m\u00e2le de vingt ans.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sources\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.variety.com\" target=\"_blank\">variety.com<\/a>\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Lib\u00e9ration\u00a0\u00bb 3 avril 2013, p. vi (Didier P\u00e9ron)\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Lib\u00e9ration\u00a0\u00bb, 12 avril 2013, p. 27.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">* note ajout\u00e9e le 13 mai 2013: <em>Django Unchained <\/em>a \u00e9t\u00e9 reprogramm\u00e9 depuis le 12 mai dans les cin\u00e9mas chinois.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/category\/actualites\/\" target=\"_blank\">Lire les autres articles de la rubrique<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"#haut\">RETOUR HAUT DE PAGE<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mai 2013<br \/>\nContenu :<br \/>\nBox Office : G.I. Joe 2, Iron Man 3, les blockbusters en Chine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1294,"featured_media":3994,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[142,143,144],"coauthors":[193],"class_list":["post-3480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-blockbusters","tag-box-office","tag-chine"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1294"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3480"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3480\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3480"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrie-culturelle.fr\/industrie-culturelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}