Notes
  1. Non ajusté pour l’inflation.
  2. Henry Jenkins, Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide (New York: NYU Press, 2006), p. 113.
  3. Kristin Thompson, The Frodo Franchise: The Lord of the Rings and Modern Hollywood (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), p. 6.
  4. Carolyn Jess-Cooke, Film Sequels: Theory and Practice from Hollywood to Bollywood (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009), p. 46.
  5. Richard Siklos, “Bob Iger Rocks Disney »,” Fortune International 159.1 (2009): n.p.
  6.  “The Forever Franchise,” Wired 23 : 12, December 1, 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/11/building-the-star-wars-universe/
  7. The Big Picture: The Fight for the Future of Movies (Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2018, p. 17.
  8.  “10 Keys to Building Successful Shared Universe Movie Franchises: A Memo to Studio Executives,” Medium, 13 June 2017, https://medium.com/@Jeff_Gomez/10-keys-to-building-successful-shared-universe-movie-franchises-a9d983884ad3.
  9. Derek Johnson, Media Franchising: Creative License and Collaboration in the Culture Industries (New York: New York University Press, 2013), p. 1.
  10.  “Avengers: Endgame and the Apocalypse of Cinema,” Daily Review, 25 April 2019, https://dailyreview.com.au/avengers-endgame-apocalypse-cinema/82852/.
  11.  “Avengers: Infinity War Review: The Latest Marvel Movie is a Two-and-a-Half-Hour Ad For All the Previous Marvel Movies,” The New Yorker, 27 April 2018, https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/avengers-infinity-war-reviewed-the-latest-marvel-movie-is-a-two-and-a-half-hour-ad-for-all-the-previous-marvel-movies.
  12.  “Why Hollywood As We Know It is Already Over,” Vanity Fair, 29 January 2017, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/01/why-hollywood-as-we-know-it-is-already-over.
  13. Derek Johnson, Media Franchising, p. 1.
  14. Linden Dalecki, “Hollywood Media Synergy as IMC,” Journal of Integrated Media Communication (2008): 48, note 2.
  15. Brian Lowry, “Studios catch monstrous case of franchise fever,” CNN Entertainment, 7 June 2017, https://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/07/entertainment/franchise-fever-studios/index.html.
  16. Marsha Kinder, Playing with Power in Movies, Television, and Video Games: From Muppet Babies to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1991), p. 1.
  17. Jenkins, Convergence Culture, p. 293, 95–96.
  18. Derek Johnson, Media Franchising, p. 32.
  19. ibid., p. 29.
  20. ibid., p. 25. [Ici, le terme « creative license » réunit, par jeu de mots, la licence artistique et la licence commerciale (NdT)].